This investigation could bring us to a hitherto unexplored zone of SARS-CoV-2 infection and lasting immunity. While data on the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 original and mutant strains has been published consistently, there hasn't been a single article that reveals the likely underlying mechanism that allows infected carriers to survive COVID-19 and develop immunity. ![]() As a result, it is vital to recognize the immune response that protects individuals from infection with COVID 19 virus and its variations. Their neutralization trials show that antibodies generated by the Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccines are effective against the Delta version, but three to five times less effective than the Alpha form (B.1.1.7) ( Planas et al., 2021). A recent study suggested that the Delta variant escapes neutralizing monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies induced by previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 or immunization in part, but not entirely. The Delta strain is surging, with case numbers and hospitalizations on the rise all around the world, particularly in countries where vaccination rates are low. The Delta variant first surfaced in India in late 2020 and quickly expanded to 100 countries around the world, becoming the dominant strain responsible for the bulk of COVID-19 infection ( Cherian et al., 2021). Prior to the breakthrough of the COVID-19 vaccine, the mumps vaccine was the fastest discovery in history ( Ullah, 2020a, Cleve, 2021). The rapid development of the COVID-19 vaccine was undoubtedly a fortuitous occasion, but the emerging variants have challenged the effectiveness the current vaccine. Of these SARS-COV-2 variants, the Delta variations (Delta & Delta plus) are the most transmissible and could delay the onset of herd immunity for many years ( Del Rio et al., 2021). Herd immunity refers to a situation when many people in a population get immune to a virus, the infection ceases to propagate and may even diminish ( Caldwell et al., 2021, Pillalamarri et al., 2021). ![]() The emergence of advanced variants of the original viral strain has sent shockwaves through the relieved communities. However, the narrative did not end there. Following vaccination, researchers predicted that communities would develop herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2, lowering the risk of infection even among those who did not have antibodies to the virus. Even though people had suffered immensely because of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks, they across the world took a sigh of relief due to the development of various types of vaccines against the virus. Margaret Keenan became the first person to get the Pfizer Covid-19 shot as part of a mass immunization program ( ). The scientific community hastened to exterminate the virus through investigations and research that culminating into what is called a V-Day when on December 8, 2020, Ms. Until mid-2020, It wreaked havoc on humanity across the world. ![]() SARS-CoV-2 first appeared on the global scene in December 2019. We believe that if we ever achieve permanent immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection, AID will be the key to releasing it. In this essay, we will concentrate on the primary architect protein, activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which triggers molecular processes that allow our immune system to produce powerful antibodies and SARS-CoV-2 specific B cells, allowing us to outwit the virus. Hundreds of research papers have been published on the origins of long-lasting immune responses and disparities in the numbers of different immune cell types in COVID 19 survivors, but the primary architect of these discrepancies has yet to be discovered. This has redirected the focus to how our immune system defends us from these various pathogens and initiates such varied responses. Researchers believe they have discovered why Delta has been so successful: those infected with it create significantly more virus than those infected with the original strain of SARS-CoV-2, making it extremely contagious. Currently, the Delta versions of SARS-CoV-2 have become the prevalent strains in much of the world since it first appeared in India in late 2020. As the world faces a fourth COVID-19 spike, scientists are learning a lot more about the new SARS-CoV-2 strains that were previously unknown.
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